Issue #34 - June/July 2005 A publication of Cooperative Development Institute www.cooplife.coop
SUMMERTIME Issue! Look for CLL 35 in August
Cooperative Development Institute is the Northeast's non-profit center for cooperative development. Contact us if you'd like assistance starting up a new cooperative or strengthening an existing one: info@cooplife.coop
Features: Vermont Farmers Take On Tourism, CL Profile: Eric Johnson, Boston Worker-Owner
NE News: Maine's Island REC, Housing Co-ops Organize in Connecticut 
Legal Matters: Exclusive Interviews with NCBA's Richard Dines
Outside the Region: Missouri Farmers Pick Up Speed
Bulletin Board: Awards, Announcements, Upcoming Events
Values in Action: (5)Equity and (6)Solidarity: Credit Unions Lifting Hopes
CDI Services: Contact us FMI at info@cooplife.coop
Co-op Quiz: "The envelope please..."
Photo: Up close and personal at Billings Farm and Museum in Woodstock, VT. The farm is a member of Vermont Farms, an association of 76 family farm businesses that weclome visitors from day-trippers and bus tours to B & B guests, hikers and birdwatchers, scout troops and school groups. Agri-tourism gives visitors a deeper appreciation of farming and farmers realize a financial return for the many values that agriculture adds to the local, state and regional quality of life. (See Feature below.)
FEATURES
VT Farmers Put a Face on Agriculture
In the early 1990s, not too many farmers were seriously considering the concept of "agri-tourism"-- a phrase that to some implies a trivialization of farming, but which in fact offers farmers an opportunity to connect directly with their consumers and educate them about food production.
In Vermont back in those days, however, several family-owned farms had been doing agri-tourism for years, running Bed & Breakfasts, hosting school groups, selling from roadside farm stands or doing other direct marketing. . They attracted the attention of a Cooperative Extension staff member whose help led them to become a pilot project for the Vermont Department of Agriculture, which in turn enabled them to apply for and receive a substantial federal grant to develop their tourism businesses together.
"We didn't know enough about cooperatives, which was a shame because if we had formed a co-op we could more easily access some value-added grant monies," recalls Beth Kennett who chairs the association's board (they are in the process of applying for non-profit status). "But ten years ago when we formed our association, the type of business entity we were was not a major factor. In fact, we do work very cooperatively; we share resources, trade guests, and do many things a cooperative would do."
Business Community Steps Forward
When the federal grant project ended, the farmers were on their own without adequate resources to manage the growing venture. "Fortunately," says Kennett, "the Vermont Chamber of Commerce felt that we had value. They see us as an emerging growth opportunity, and they recognize that we undergird all of the business activity in Vermont, not just the agricultural productivity but the working landscape that determines our high quality of life here."
Vermont Farms became a formal association, elected a board of directors, established a membership agreement, and set up shop. The Chamber helped the group through the legal and technical hurdles of organizing an association of family businesses, and continues to provide office space, administrative support and organizational development.
"Farming is tightly tied to tourism here," echoes Chris Fogg, VP of Travel and Tourism for the Vermont Chamber of Commerce, who notes it is one of only four statewide Chambers in the country. "People come here because they want to see the beautiful countryside" (not to mention buy the cheese, apple cider and maple syrup). In fact, between 2000 and 2002 the value of agri-tourism in Vermont increased 86 percent to $19.5 million, approximately four percent of the state's total gross farm income generated in 2002.
Doing Agri-tourism Cooperatively
Beth Kennett and her husband 'Farmer Bob' have run a B & B for 21 years on their Liberty Hill Farm in Rochester. They have some guests who've come for 20 of those years, some who visit several times a year, some who send their friends and relatives. "We've watched their kids grow up," she says.
The Vermont Farms board chair has a high regard for the business of agri-tourism, however the word itself comes across. "We're not talking Disney theme park here," she says. "We're talking about direct marketing to consumers as well as providing them with a valuable educational experience." She also values the education and training the association provides to its members and the networking opportunities it offers within and outside Vermont's agricultural sector.
Nowadays, Kennett is testifying to the state legislature about issues affecting agri-tourism businesses, not just the 76 members of Vermont Farms. "We're putting a face on agriculture," she explains. "As an association there are opportunities for an individual farmer to do something that helps the whole [family farm sector]; we need to be able to build our economic capacity so we can grow." By working cooperatively, this group of farmers and their business partners plan on doing just that. FMI: info@vtfarms.org.
CLL PROFILE: Eric Johnson
Getting the Message Out
Eric Johnson gravitated toward worker ownership from his first summer job as a house painter. Recently, we caught up with him in between customers at Red Sun Press, Boston's only unionized, worker-owned printing business. The co-op received the Commonwealth of Massachusetts "Buy Recycled and Environmentally Preferred Products" Year 2000 Business Award for its pioneering role in promoting recycled paper for printing. Red Sun will be one of numerous successful co-ops participating in the 4th Eastern Conference on Workplace Democracy to be held July 15-17 at Southern New Hampshire University (see Bulletin Board below). FMI: www.redsunpress.com.
CLL: What was it that attracted you to working in groups?
EJ: I found that when I was working for others, I felt they were making money off my work. So I would start something, then draw more people in and try to get them to work with me rather than for me. When I'm the boss and have all the resources, my relationships to the other workers changes. When you institute a system where everyone sinks or swims together, it works better. It may not be perfect, but it's like that old saying, 'There's strength in numbers.'
CLL: What led you to run for election as a director of Cooperative Life?
EJ: I like promoting the development of cooperatives, finding out what others are doing, helping to build the cooperative network. My feeling is that the benefits of cooperatives are obvious once people see them and participate in them. It's a question of getting the message out, and that requires creating a network. People have to make a little extra effort to make that happen.
CLL: Where would you like to see the cooperative movement heading?
EJ: We need to raise our visibility as an alternative business structure and make sure that people are in a position to make realistic choices about how they conduct business. We need to let people know there is an alternative to the usual way of doing things. And we need to help create and talk about real cooperatives that are successful, functional businesses.
CLL: What can co-op leaders do today to help move us in these directions?
EJ: At Red Sun, we're making connections both with other co-ops and with other groups outside of co-ops. We're part of a network of printing businesses around the country. We also belong to an informal group of about a dozen co-ops in the Boston area. We get together occasionally, we do some events together and educate people about cooperatives.
We sometimes bring people into our business that may not have a clear sense of what co-ops are at first. But by the time they've been here awhile, they understand through participation that a co-op is a good way to organize a business. People come here and sometimes they move on, but no one has ever left Red Sun because they had a bad opinion of cooperatives.
We go to a lot of events. Sometimes we talk to people who want to come and see how we work. They don't all decide to start a co-op, but they know it's a possibility. They know there's a way to run a business that's more people-friendly instead of being based on how much money it will make for the person who owns it.
NORTHEAST NEWS
CT Housing Co-ops Come Together
The Connecticut Valley Cooperative Housing Association is a non-profit organization formed two years ago as a chapter of the National Association of Housing Cooperatives (NAHC). Its mission is to represent and serve housing cooperatives and mutual housing associations in Connecticut and the Connecticut River Valley that stretches north through Massachusetts.
The Association presently includes 14 Regular Members, housing co-ops with at least 20 households. About a third of all known housing co-ops in the state belong. Membership is also open to individuals, management companies and other organizations with an interest in cooperatives or mutual housing ownership. Members' dues cover membership in both the Association and NAHC, which provides valuable resources and assistance (www.coophousing.org).
At its first annual meeting in May, 2004, the initial regular members represented more than 900 families living in townhouses, semi-detached and single family dwellings and apartment buildings in southwestern and central Connecticut and western Massachusetts.
The oldest regular member, Village Creek in Norwalk on the Connecticut coast, was organized as a cooperative land subdivision in l949. Today, 67 individually owned homes share eight acres of community owned recreational areas and facilities.
In Bridgeport, 257 one- and two-story brick attached houses with slate roofs, built in l917 along narrow winding private streets like an English village and operated as rental housing, were converted to cooperative ownership in 1953 with a 20-year conventional loan provided by the Nationwide Insurance cooperative.
The youngest Association regular member is a complex of 63 three- and four-bedroom townhouses in New Haven, formerly owned by the federal government, which converted to a co-op in 2002.
The Association's second annual meeting will be held later this month. Nationally known co-op housing advocate and Connecticut resident Roger Willcox, who helped organize Village Creek where he still lives and went on to help establish more than a dozen other co-ops in Connecticut, explained some of the issues that will be on the table.
"For one thing, Connecticut law authorizes all State municipalities to grant real estate tax abatements to properties -- including those owned cooperatively -- that have restrictions on incomes of their residents to keep them 'affordable'. We also need to look at the advantages, and disadvantages, of the State's Common Interest Ownership Act and the status of co-ops that have been reorganizing under the Act. And we should discuss why several Connecticut housing cooperatives serving moderate and lower income families have failed in recent years. One is facing a foreclosure sale this month. What can be done to prevent more such failures?"
Look for Part 2 of the Association's story in an upcoming Cooperative Life. FMI contact Roger Willcox at (203) 838-5706.
Fox Islands Electric Co-op
Writing in the October, 1983 issue of Rural Electrification magazine, Frank Gallant chronicles the transition from Maine's Vinalhaven Light & Power Company to the Fox Islands Electric Cooperative a decade earlier. In the winter of 1973-74, the old system was falling apart; power was supplied by emergency generators for days at a time. The Town selectpeople asked the Rural Electric Administration for assistance and by October, 1974, the island's ratepayers voted to form a rural electric co-op. Gallant notes that even the most rugged Yankee individualists liked being able to count on the electric coffee maker working "when they have to make the 7:30 A.M. ferry to Rockland on a snow-spitting February morning."
Fast forward to today. Vinalhaven is still populated mostly by families who make their living from the sea and by summer residents, many whose 'camps' have been in their families for decades. The co-op still supplies the power and light. But they also offer Internet access and webmail services. With many residents crossing back and forth to the mainland daily or weekly, Fox Islands has developed options that enable member-users to access their e-mail from any computer with an Internet connection. Vacation/visitors packages allow users to suspend their accounts for as long as they want. While the look and the life of the island haven't changed all that much in two decades, or even in two generations, the islanders have crossed easily into the 21st century in terms of ensuring residents the electrical services they need. They can do this because together they created a business to meet their needs. And they can do it because their local utility is itself a member of something bigger-a national association of rural electric cooperatives (RECs) owned by the people who use the power.
It was the RECs who put up the poles and wires to electrify the nation's sparsely populated rural heartland 70 years ago. Now, more than 900 members of the National Rural Electric Cooperative Association operate in 47 states and serve 37 million people. Their economies of scale in the marketplace and the loyalty and creativity that rise from a cooperative governance structure make it possible for individual, autonomous RECs to compete successfully with enormous, well-financed investor-owned utilities in what may be the toughest industry of all.
LEGAL MATTERS
National 'Hybrid' Law Gives Investors Membership Status
The National Cooperative Business Association's Cooperative Finance and Tax Council was still a fairly new entity a year ago, when it was brought to the council's attention that the working draft of a proposed uniform state agricultural cooperative statute, if approved, could substantially change a cooperative's central financial and governance characteristics. It would do this by giving outside investors much more control of a co-op. To many, this directly opposes the central principle of cooperative enterprise: members own and control the business democratically, and the benefits they accrue are based on their patronage of the cooperative.
The new law is under consideration by the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws (NCCUSL), a group of legislative experts appointed by state governments that drafts and promotes enactment of uniform state laws in areas where uniformity is "desirable and practical". NCBA immediately asked for and received permission to attend the NCCUSL work sessions as an official observer. They also sent the commissioners a list of concerns about the move to include non-patron investors as members of a cooperative with significant financial and voting clout. Richard Dines, NCBA membership director and legal counsel, attended the two most recent meetings of the NCCUSL drafting committee in November 2004 and April 2005 and spoke with CL Leader recently.
The controversy is heating up. Three states-Wyoming, Minnesota and Tennessee-have enacted state legislation that creates a 'hybrid' membership structure. However, in Wyoming only one co-op has been set up this way. No hybrid co-ops have been started yet in Tennessee. Several have been started in Minnesota, but as yet have been unsuccessful at attracting outside capital. The Wisconsin Federation of Cooperatives is backing a bill that will be introduced to its state legislature soon. Other states are looking at following suit.
The Co-op Challenge of Raising Capital
The root cause of the problem is that agricultural and many other types of cooperatives require huge amounts of capital up front and large infusions of capital to expand. When this capital can't be raised by the members who want to start or expand a cooperative venture, some of them are looking to attract outside investors by giving them more say in how the cooperative is run, and enabling them to reap higher rates of return on their investment. Specifically under consideration is wording that could give investor-members as much as half the voting power. One patronage-member could be influenced to change his or her vote and give investor-members a majority. Similar wording would shift the balance of power on core bylaw amendments and the election of directors.
Richard Dines explains, "The real battle now is not so much on the financial and governance terms of the bill-although these are far from decided so there is much room for discussion-but on the expansion of its scope from agricultural to all forms of cooperative businesses. Non-agricultural cooperatives have not been involved in this process; even NCBA only became involved after the commissioners had been meeting on this issue for a year. While they have an open and transparent process, we do not have full faith that our concerns have been addressed."
NCBA Takes Initiative: Next Steps
In late May, NCBA convened a meeting with representatives of all its national association members to discuss the issue. This month they will send a joint letter to the NCCUSL commissioners putting forth those concerns. NCBA has also just hired a new VP for Public Affairs and Member Services, Adam Schwartz, who comes to them from the National Rural Telecommunications Cooperative and was formerly a lobbyist for the National Rural Electric Cooperative Association. In July, they expect the bill to be prominent on the agenda at the NCCUSL Annual Meeting in Pittsburgh.
Meanwhile, cooperative leaders in the Northeast who want to learn more about the proposed legislation can find the draft at the NCCUSL website www.nccusl.org (under Committees look for Drafts: Agricultural Cooperatives). Note that the chair of this committee, and currently the Vice President of NCCUSL itself, is Vermont attorney Peter Langrock, the only Northeasterner on the agricultural cooperative statute drafting committee.
For updates on how the NCCUSL process is proceeding, stay tuned to NCBA through its web site (www.ncba.coop) and the Cooperative Business Journal. (See the March/April issue for two articles on the statute and its ramifications, including a strong statement of opposition by Randall Torgerson, who for 27 years ran the USDA's Cooperative Services program.) And to contact Richard Dines email him at rdines@ncba.coop or call him directly at (202) 383-5442. In September NCBA will present a seminar on innovative strategies for obtaining additional sources of capital without comprising cooperative principles right before its annual Purchasing Cooperative conference in Chicago (contact Mary Griffin at mgriffin@ncba.coop or call her at 202-383-5450 for details).
OUTSIDE THE REGION
Outside the Region: Missouri Farmers in High Gear on Technology
A story in the May 22nd Washington Post focuses on one of the biggest challenges for business development in the rural United States: high speed Internet access. Without this powerful tool, companies find it tough to compete. Echoing the reluctance of electricity providers in the 1930s, today's for-profit cable and telephone giants find the less populated parts of the country unattractive. The Council of State Government's Agricultural Task Force reports that "fewer than 10 percent of homes in rural America have broadband access, according to the National Rural Telecommunications Cooperative. Steve Collier, vice president of emerging technologies, said that federal subsidies probably would be needed to ensure broadband for the most rural areas. 'There are certain things in this country that we believe people have a right to have no matter where they are: clean drinking water, paved roads, basic phone service, basic electric service. I think ultimately, broadband Internet is going to be one of those things,' said Collier.
Joseph Sudo of CCG Consulting Inc, as quoted in the Post story, adds, "My recommendation to folks in rural America is to be proactive rather than reactive." CCG will issue a report this month that will outline how a regional wireless network could be deployed throughout southern Maryland by county governments or by private businesses. In other states, telephone and cable companies have raised concerns that publicly owned utilities and local governments supplying broadband over power lines have an unfair advantage over private companies. In response, they have supported legislation that restricts what those utilities and municipalities can do.
Meanwhile, the Missouri Farmers Union Family Farm Opportunity Center is exploring methods that would bring affordable wireless Internet broadband service to farmers and to all of rural Missouri by utilizing the existing network of local electric cooperatives. Each tower would cover a 15-mile radius, since the technology can cover wide areas due to the radio nature of its signal. The system will be built with ''voice over Internet" capability, which will enable subscribers to make unlimited local and long distance phone calls. Cable type entertainment will also be possible with the proposed system. The service is currently projected to cost $25 per month. The center is a member of CooperationWorks! the national organization of 21 professional cooperative development centers serving 43 states. FMI: www.missourifarmersunion.org and www.cooperationworks.coop.
BULLETIN BOARD
Upcoming Events and Annoucements
National Rural Electric Cooperative Association announces that HR 2794, "The Clean Energy Bonds Act of 2005" introduced in the House of Representatives on June 10 by Rep. Ron Lewis (R-KY) and Rep. Earl Pomeroy (D-ND) will offer electric co-ops equitable incentives to invest in renewable energy projects. "The bill grants the cooperatives a bond financing tool to fund renewable projects which is comparable to the production tax credit that investor-owned utilities and private developers have been able to use for years." FMI: www.nreca.coop.
Urban Homesteading Assistance Board in New York City has created a working capital fund called the Don Terner Founders Fund. It is named in honor of the 30-year old non-profit's former executive director who was killed in a 1996 plane crash in Croatia that also took the lives of Commerce Secretary Ron Brown and 31 others. Terner was a champion of the idea that low-income communities could solve their own housing problems given the necessary resources, training, and technical assistance. The fund, created less than a year ago, currently stands at $300,000 in unrestricted working capital. UHAB's mission is to provide opportunities and support to people seeking to develop and sustain true housing cooperatives that are owned, operated and democratically governed by their residents. Cooperatives affiliated with UHAB are structured to provide high quality housing that will remain affordable to people of modest means in perpetuity. FMI: www.uhab.org.
Vermont Federal Credit Union CEO Joe Finnigan has been named to the Board of Directors of America's Credit Union Museum. The organization's mission is to commemorate the founders and the site of the first credit union in the United States, in Manchester, New Hampshire. It is located in the beautiful historic downtown building that served as St. Mary's Cooperative Credit Association. Enjoy a trip through the attractive and educational exhibits or virtually visit the museum www.acumuseum.org.
CooperationWorks! popular training program for cooperative business specialists was attended by more than half of the 21 cooperative development centers that make up the national organization's membership (along with NCBA and the Cooperative Development Foundation). 'The Art and Science of Cooperative Business Development" (Session One) was held in Madison, Wisconsin in May. In all, 23 staff members or associates of 11 centers-including CDI's Jennifer Gutshall--successfully completed the first in a series of two rigorous five-day professional development courses specifically focused on cooperatives. Designed by co-op leaders around the country, the program is unique in the U.S. It is not necessary to have completed the first session in order to attend the second, which will be in November, 2005. FMI: cw@vcn.com or call CW! Exec. Dir. Audrey Malan at (307) 655-9162.
MOCA Report and PowerPoint presentation on Marketing Our Cooperative Advantage is now available on the web at www.cooplife.coop/moca.htm. The National Cooperative Bank (NCB) commissioned the report in 2004. It identified 93 co-ops who were marketing their cooperative advantage; 42 of these took part in full-depth interviews. In announcing the results of the study in April, 2005, NCB chief executive Chuck Snyder stated, "It seems clear that the MOCA approach offers cooperative business a unique market positioning strategy that cannot be convincingly copied, and has a track record of bolstering success." MOCA is a strategy based on using the values and principles of cooperative enterprise in all aspects of a cooperative's business, and identifying how that is done in order to build trustworthiness in the community where one is located as well as to deepen member/customer loyalty.
CLL Calendar
June 23 -24, Federation of Southern Cooperatives/Land Assistance Fund offers a two-day workshop on "Community Economic Development: The Worker Ownership Option". FMI: (205) 652-9676 or yountryyood@yahoo.com.
June 27-30, Bologna Summer Program for Co-operative Studies, Economics and Management of Co-operative Enterprises, Vancouver Session (BC, Canada) FMI: www.cooperationworks.coop.
July 4-22, Bologna Summer Program for Co-operative Studies, Economics and Management of Co-operative Enterprises, Leadership Tour and Bologna Session (Italy). FMI: www.cooperationworks.coop.
July 15-17, 4th Eastern Conference on Workplace Democracy, Southern NH University, Manchester NH. Help build the road to a fairer, more sustainable economy and learn how worker owners are creating high quality, lifelong employment, healthy communities and successful businesses around the region, the nation and the world. FMI: mhoyer22@comcast.net or http://east.usworker.coop/.
July 20-22, Northeast Co-op Council Annual Cooperative Leadership Conference, Batavia, NY. FMI: Brian Henehan at 607-255-8800 or bmh5@cornell.edu.
September 14-16, NCBA Cooperative Finance & Tax Council Seminar, Chicago, IL. Learn how cooperatives can raise capital and maintain member control. FMI: Alicia Valencia at 202-383-5440 or avalencia@ncba.coop.
September 21-23, International Cooperative Alliance General Assembly, Cartagena, Colombia. "Cooperative Values: A Competitive Asset in a Globalized Economy" will bring together more than 2,000 cooperative leaders to discuss how to use co-op values to expand business. Sector meetings for agriculture, housing, consumer, banking and credit co-ops. FMI and registration: www.ica.coop.
November 7-8, Eighth Annual Farmer Cooperative Conference, Minneapolis, MN. "Cooperative Opportunities in a Global Economy", sponsored by Univ. of Wisconsin Center for Cooperatives. FMI: www.wisc.edu/uwcc/farmercoops05/index.html.
CO-OP VALUES IN ACTION
(5) Equity and (6) Solidarity: Credit Unions Build Together
This month, two organizations that support credit unions will introduce a program that will enable people with less-than-perfect credit to automatically receive lower interest rates after they demonstrate their credit worthiness for 24 months. Credit Union Partners, created by and for credit union members, is recognized as the mortgage-outsourcing partner of choice by the credit union industry. They offer flexible solutions for every aspect of the loan fulfillment process. Now, CU Partners has joined with the National Federation of Community Development Credit Unions' Mortgage Center(tm) to make the 'Credit Builder' program possible. The national CDCU federation represents 225 credit unions serving urban and rural low-income communities across the United States. Founded in 1974, the Federation is headquartered in Lower Manhattan and offers a wide range of advocacy, educational, training, capital, marketing, and outreach programs to support and assist credit unions. These include programs aimed specifically to help people with few financial resources or other assets, immigrants, single mothers and other underserved populations. Both CU Partners and the Federation are demonstrating every day their commitment to the bedrock values of economic democracy, including equity and solidarity, two concepts that helped build the nation's economic strength. FMI: www.cupartners.com and www.cdcu.coop.
Each month we tell stories that embody one of the Seven Co-op Principles or two of the Ten Co-op Values approved by the International Cooperative Alliance www.ica.coop/ica/. We are eager to hear YOUR suggestions!
CDI SERVICES
FMI: (413) 774-7599 or info@cooplife.coop.
The Cooperative Life Leader is produced as a service to the regional community by the Cooperative Development Institute, which is dedicated to developing and strengthening cooperative enterprise in the Northeast. CDI staff and consultants provide comprehensive support services, including the following:
* Customer service training
* Annual evaluations (manager, board, co-op)
* Business and strategic planning
* Executive search
* Board and management development
* Membership development
* Cooperative start-ups
* Fundraising
* Legal and personnel issues
* Public policy advocacy
CO-OP QUIZ 034: What internationally famous living actor earned his income driving a cooperative's horse-drawn milk wagon in Edinburgh, Scotland before he turned to lights, camera, and (most especially!) action?
Answer to Q033: The International Program of the National Cooperative Business Association's Cooperative League of the USA (CLUSA) assisted 3,700 co-ops, member-owned businesses and community-managed services in 2004. The program is featured in a recent NCBA video produced with support from Vermont-based Cabot Creamery Cooperative. FMI: www.ncba.coop.
TO CONTACT COOPERATIVE LIFE LEADER
Send your news and comments to lbroussard@cooplife.coop. To subscribe, unsubscribe, or for FMI on a program or event contact us at info@cooplife.coop. Please feel free to forward this newsletter to your colleagues.
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Cooperative Life Leader Staff
Lynda Brushett, Senior Editor
Jane Livingston, Editor
Laurie Siggillino Broussard, Production Manager